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1 workplace bullying
HRpersistent intimidation or harassment at work which demoralizes and humiliates a person or group. There are no universally agreed definitions of what constitutes workplace bullying, as there are many kinds of bullying behaviors or tactics. As a general guideline to distinguish between workplace bullying and legitimate criticism, comments should follow the principles for offering feedback: it should be properly conducted, nonpersonal, and constructive, and should not be abusive, aiming to help people to improve their behavior or performance rather than cause them anxiety or distress. -
2 cleaner
['kliːnə(r)]1) (person) (in workplace) addetto m. (-a) alle pulizie; (in home) (woman) donna f. delle pulizie; (man) uomo m. delle pulizie2) (machine) pulitrice f.3) (detergent) detersivo m.••to take sb. to the cleaners — colloq. (swindle) spennare qcn.; (leave penniless) ridurre sul lastrico qcn
* * *noun addetto alle pulizie* * *['kliːnə(r)]1) (person) (in workplace) addetto m. (-a) alle pulizie; (in home) (woman) donna f. delle pulizie; (man) uomo m. delle pulizie2) (machine) pulitrice f.3) (detergent) detersivo m.••to take sb. to the cleaners — colloq. (swindle) spennare qcn.; (leave penniless) ridurre sul lastrico qcn
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3 cleaner
cleaner [ˈkli:nər]a. ( = woman) (in home) femme f de ménage ; (in office, school) femme f de service ; (in hospital) agent m d'entretienb. ( = household cleaner) produit m d'entretien* * *['kliːnə(r)]1) ( person) ( in workplace) agent m de nettoyage; ( in home) ( woman) femme f de ménage; ( man) agent m de nettoyage2) ( machine) nettoyeur mcarpet cleaner — shampouineuse f (de tapis)
3) ( detergent) produit m de nettoyagesuede cleaner — produit m pour nettoyer le daim
••to take somebody to the cleaners — (colloq) ( swindle) plumer quelqu'un (colloq); ( leave penniless) nettoyer
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4 cleaner
1 ( person) ( in workplace) agent m de nettoyage ; ( in home) ( woman) femme f de ménage ; ( man) agent m de nettoyage ; office cleaner agent m de nettoyage ;2 ( machine) nettoyeur m ; air cleaner purificateur m d'air ; carpet cleaner shampouineuse f (de tapis) ;3 ( detergent) produit m de nettoyage ; fabric/suede cleaner produit m pour nettoyer les tissus/le daim ; biodegradable cleaner produit m d'entretien biodégradable ; liquid cleaner produit m d'entretien liquide ; cream cleaner crème f de nettoyage liquide ;to take sb to the cleaners ○ ( swindle) plumer qn ○ ; ( defeat) Scotland took England to the cleaners ○ l'Écosse a battu l'Angleterre à plates coutures ; ( in divorce cases) his wife took him to the cleaners ○ il s'est fait nettoyer par son ex-femme ○. -
5 bullying
['bʊllɪŋ] 1. 2.* * *bullying /ˈbʊlɪɪng/n. [u]bullismo; prepotenza, prepotenze; vessazione, vessazioni: bullying in the workplace (o workplace bullying) vessazioni sul lavoro.* * *['bʊllɪŋ] 1. 2. -
6 pit
I 1. [pɪt]1) (for storage, weapons, bodies) fossa f., buca f.2) (hollow) cavità f., depressione f.3) (trap) trappola f.5) min. miniera f.6) (quarry) cava f.7) teatr. platea f.8) AE (in peach, olive) nocciolo m.2.••II 1. [pɪt]it's the pits! — colloq. (of place, workplace) è un inferno!
to pit sb. against — opporre qcn. a
2) (mark) bucherellare, fare buchi in [surface, stone]3) AE (remove stones from) snocciolare, denocciolare [peach, olive]2.to pit oneself against sb. — misurarsi con qcn
* * *I 1. [pit] noun1) (a large hole in the ground: The campers dug a pit for their rubbish.)2) (a place from which minerals are dug, especially a coal-mine: a chalk-pit; He works at/down the pit.)3) (a place beside a motor race track for repairing and refuelling racing cars: The leading car has gone into the pit(s).)2. verb((with against) to set (a person or thing) against another in a fight, competition etc: He was pitted against a much stronger man.)- pitfallII 1. [pit] noun(the hard stone of a peach, cherry etc.)2. verb(to remove the stone from (a peach, cherry etc).)* * *I 1. [pɪt]1) (for storage, weapons, bodies) fossa f., buca f.2) (hollow) cavità f., depressione f.3) (trap) trappola f.5) min. miniera f.6) (quarry) cava f.7) teatr. platea f.8) AE (in peach, olive) nocciolo m.2.••II 1. [pɪt]it's the pits! — colloq. (of place, workplace) è un inferno!
to pit sb. against — opporre qcn. a
2) (mark) bucherellare, fare buchi in [surface, stone]3) AE (remove stones from) snocciolare, denocciolare [peach, olive]2.to pit oneself against sb. — misurarsi con qcn
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7 prime
I
1.
adjective1) (first or most important: the prime minister; a matter of prime importance.) primer, primero2) (best: in prime condition.) óptimo, perfecto
2. noun(the best part (of a person's etc life, usually early middle age): He is in his prime; the prime of life.) flor de la vida, plenitud- primary- primarily
- primary colours
- prime minister
- prime number
- prime time
3. adjectiveprime-time advertising.) horas de máxima audiencia
II
verb(to prepare (something) by putting something into or on it: He primed (=put gunpowder into) his gun; You must prime (=treat with primer) the wood before you paint it.) cebar- primertr[praɪm]1 (main, chief) principal, primero,-a; (major) primordial2 (first-rate - meat) de primera (calidad); (example, location) excelente3 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL primo1 (best time of life) flor nombre femenino de la vida1 (engine, pump, bomb) cebar; (surface, wood) imprimar, preparar2 figurative use (person) preparar, enseñar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be in one's prime / be in the prime of life estar en la flor de la vidaprime cost coste nombre masculino de producciónPrime Minister primer,-a ministro,-aprime time horas nombre femenino plural de máxima audiencia1) : cebarto prime a pump: cebar una bomba2) prepare: preparar (una superficie para pintar)3) coach: preparar (a un testigo, etc.)prime adj1) chief, main: principal, primero2) excellent: de primera (categoría), excelenteprime nthe prime of one's life : la flor de la vidaadj.• de primera clase adj.• fundamental adj.• primero, -a adj.• primo, -a adj.• principal adj.• selecto, -a adj.n.• flor s.f.• primavera s.f.v.• aparejar v.• aprestar v.• cebar v.• imprimar v.• instruir v.• preparar v.
I praɪmadjective (no comp)a) ( major) principalto be of prime importance — ser* de primordial or fundamental importancia
b) ( first-rate) <example/location> excelente; < cut> de primera (calidad)in prime condition — <athlete/racehorse> en óptimas condiciones; <car/antique> en excelente estado
II
to be in one's prime o in the prime of life — estar* en la flor de la vida or en la mejor edad
III
a) ( prepare for painting) \<\<wood/metal\>\> aplicar* una capa de imprimación or de base a; \<\<canvas\>\> preparar, aprestarb) \<\<pump/gun\>\> cebarc) ( brief) preparar[praɪm]1. ADJ1) (=major, main) [cause, objective, target] principalthe/a prime cause of stress in the workplace — la principal causa/una de las principales causas de estrés en el trabajo
•
the prime candidate to take over his job is May Reid — May Reid es la candidata con más posibilidades de sustituirle en el puesto•
our prime concern is public safety — nuestra mayor or principal preocupación es la seguridad ciudadana•
to be of prime importance — ser de primordial importancia, ser de fundamental importancia2) (=top-quality, excellent) [real estate, property] de primera; [ingredient, cut] de primera (calidad)•
to be in prime condition — [cattle, fruit, car] estar en perfecto estado; [athlete] estar en plena forma3) (=classic) perfecto4) (Math) [number] primo2. N1) (=best years)•
when trade unionism was in its prime — cuando el sindicalismo estaba en su apogeoto be in one's prime or in the prime of life — [person] estar en la flor de la vida
to be cut off or cut down in one's prime — morir en la flor de la vida
•
he's past his prime — ya ha dejado atrás los mejores años de su vidathe hotel was past its prime — hum el hotel ya había dejado atrás sus días de gloria
2) (Rel) prima f3. VT1) (prior to painting) imprimar, preparar; (with primer) aplicar una capa de imprimación a; (with undercoat) aplicar una capa de (pintura) base a; (with anticorrosive) aplicar una capa de pintura anticorrosiva a2) (prior to use) [+ gun, pump] cebar- prime the pumphe was willing to prime the pump by offering finance — estaba dispuesto a ofrecerse a financiarlo para que saliera adelante
public investment is the best way of priming the pump of economic activity — la inversión pública es la mejor forma de promover la actividad económica
3) (=prepare) [+ student, politician, soldier] preparar4) (with drink)he primed himself for the interview with a stiff whisky — se tomó un whisky fuerte como preparación para la entrevista
4.CPDprime cost N — coste m neto, coste m de producción
prime factor N — factor m primordial, factor m principal
the prime meridian N — (Geog) el meridiano de Greenwich
prime minister N — primer(a) ministro(-a) m / f
prime ministership N — (=period of office) mandato m como primer ministro; (=office) cargo m de(l) primer ministro
prime mover N — (=person) promotor(a) m / f ; (Philos) primer motor m
a prime mover in Middle East events — una de las promotoras de los acontecimientos en el Oriente Medio
prime number N — (Math) número m primo
prime rate N — tipo m de interés preferencial
prime lending rate — tipo m de interés preferencial sobre los préstamos
prime time N — (TV) horas fpl de máxima or mayor audiencia
prime-timethe programme was repeated in prime time — el programa se repitió a una de las horas de máxima or mayor audiencia
* * *
I [praɪm]adjective (no comp)a) ( major) principalto be of prime importance — ser* de primordial or fundamental importancia
b) ( first-rate) <example/location> excelente; < cut> de primera (calidad)in prime condition — <athlete/racehorse> en óptimas condiciones; <car/antique> en excelente estado
II
to be in one's prime o in the prime of life — estar* en la flor de la vida or en la mejor edad
III
a) ( prepare for painting) \<\<wood/metal\>\> aplicar* una capa de imprimación or de base a; \<\<canvas\>\> preparar, aprestarb) \<\<pump/gun\>\> cebarc) ( brief) preparar -
8 aptitude test
HRa measure of a person’s natural ability or potential to learn a skill or set of skills. Abilities that are typically measured by aptitude tests include abstract, verbal, and numerical reasoning, because these give a rounded view of a person’s general ability in relation to the workplace. Aptitude tests are a form of psychometric test and are administered by trained users. -
9 merit
'merit
1. noun1) (the quality of worth, excellence or praiseworthiness: He reached his present position through merit.) mérito, merecimiento2) (a good point or quality: His speech had at least the merit of being short.) mérito
2. verb(to deserve as reward or punishment: Your case merits careful consideration.) merecer, ser digno demerit n méritotr['merɪt]1 (worth) mérito, valía2 (advantage, good point) ventaja, mérito■ what are the merits of this project? ¿cuáles son las ventajas de este proyecto?1 (deserve) merecer, ser digno,-a de\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto judge something on its own merits juzgar algo por sus méritosmerit ['mɛrət] vt: merecer, ser digno demerit n: mérito m, valor mn.• merecimiento s.m.• mérito s.m.• valer s.m.v.• merecer v.
I 'merət, 'merɪt1)a) u ( excellence) mérito mb) c ( praiseworthy quality)each case is judged on its (own) merits — se juzga cada caso individualmente or por separado
there is no o isn't any merit in prolonging the dispute — no tiene ningún sentido prolongar el conflicto
2) c (BrE Educ) ≈mención f especial
II
transitive verb merecer*, ser* digno de['merɪt]1.N mérito mto look or inquire into the merits of sth — estudiar los aspectos positivos de algo
a work of great merit — un trabajo de mucho mérito, un trabajo muy meritorio
2.VT merecer3.CPDmerit increase N — aumento m por méritos
merit pay N — (US) plus m por méritos
merit system N — (US) (in the workplace) sistema de ascensos y contrataciones por méritos
* * *
I ['merət, 'merɪt]1)a) u ( excellence) mérito mb) c ( praiseworthy quality)each case is judged on its (own) merits — se juzga cada caso individualmente or por separado
there is no o isn't any merit in prolonging the dispute — no tiene ningún sentido prolongar el conflicto
2) c (BrE Educ) ≈mención f especial
II
transitive verb merecer*, ser* digno de -
10 informality
informality [‚ɪnfɔ:ˈmælɪtɪ]* * *[ˌɪnfɔː'mælətɪ]noun (of person, event) simplicité f; (of arrangement, meeting) caractère m informel; ( of workplace) ambiance f décontractée; ( of language) style m familier -
11 to
to [tu:, tə]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition2. adverb3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. preposition━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When to is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg apply to, set to, look up the verb. When to is part of a set combination, eg nice to, of help to, look up the adjective or noun.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━a. (direction, movement) à━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► to it ( = there) y• I liked the exhibition, I went to it twice j'ai aimé l'exposition, j'y suis allé deux foisb. ( = towards) versc. (home, workplace) chez► to + feminine country/area en• to England/France en Angleterre/France• to Brittany/Provence en Bretagne/Provence• to Sicily/Crete en Sicile/Crète• to Louisiana/Virginia en Louisiane/Virginie━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► en is also used with masculine countries beginning with a vowel.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• to Iran/Israel en Iran/Israël► to + masculine country/area au• to Japan/Kuwait au Japon/Koweït• to the Sahara/Kashmir au Sahara/Cachemire► to + plural country/group of islands aux• to the United States/the West Indies aux États-Unis/Antilles► to + town/island without article à• to London/Lyons à Londres/Lyon• to Cuba/Malta à Cuba/Malte• is this the road to Newcastle? est-ce que c'est la route de Newcastle ?• it is 90km to Paris ( = from here to) nous sommes à 90 km de Paris ; ( = from there to) c'est à 90 km de Paris• planes to Heathrow les vols mpl à destination de Heathrow► to + masculine state/region/county dans• to Texas/Ontario dans le Texas/l'Ontario• to Sussex/Yorkshire dans le Sussex/le Yorkshire━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► dans is also used with many départements.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• to the Drôme/the Var dans la Drôme/le Vare. ( = up to) jusqu'àf. ► to + person (indirect object) à━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When a relative clause ends with to, a different word order is required in French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When translating to + pronoun, look up the pronoun. The translation depends on whether it is stressed or unstressed.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━h. (in ratios) he got a big majority (twenty votes to seven) il a été élu à une large majorité (vingt voix contre sept)i. ( = concerning) that's all there is to it ( = it's easy) ce n'est pas plus difficile que ça• you're not going, and that's all there is to it ( = that's definite) tu n'iras pas, un point c'est toutj. ( = of) de━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► A preposition may be required with the French infinitive, depending on what precedes it: look up the verb or adjective.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The French verb may take a clause, rather than the infinitive.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• well, to sum up... alors, pour résumer...• we are writing to inform you... nous vous écrivons pour vous informer que...━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► to is not translated when it stands for the infinitive.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• he'd like me to come, but I don't want to il voudrait que je vienne mais je ne veux pas• yes, I'd love to oui, volontiers2. adverb( = shut) to push the door to pousser la porte3. compounds(plural to-dos)• he made a great to-do about lending me the car il a fait toute une histoire pour me prêter la voiture ► to-ing and fro-ing noun allées et venues fpl* * *1. [tə], devant une voyelle [tʊ, tuː], emphatique [tuː]1) ( expressing purpose) pour2) ( linking consecutive acts)he looked up to see... — en levant les yeux, il a vu...
3) ( after superlatives) àthe youngest to do — le or la plus jeune à faire
‘did you go?’ - ‘no I promised not to’ — ‘tu y es allé?’ - ‘non j'avais promis de ne pas le faire’
‘are you staying? ’ - ‘I want to but...’ — ‘tu restes?’ - ‘j'aimerais bien mais...’
it is difficult to do something — il est difficile de faire quelque chose; ( expressing wish)
2.oh to be able to stay in bed! — hum ô pouvoir rester au lit!
1) ( in direction of) à [shops, school]; ( with purpose of visiting) chez [doctor's, dentist's]; ( towards) vers2) ( up to) jusqu'àto the end/this day — jusqu'à la fin/ce jour
3) ( in telling time)4) ( introducing direct or indirect object) [give, offer] àto me/my daughter it's just a minor problem — pour moi/ma fille ce n'est qu'un problème mineur
5) (in toasts, dedications) àto prosperity — à la prospérité; ( on tombstone)
6) ( in accordance with)7) (in relationships, comparisons)8) ( showing accuracy)9) ( showing reason)10) ( belonging to) depersonal assistant to the director — assistant/-e m/f du directeur
11) ( on to) [tied] à; [pinned] à [noticeboard etc]; sur [lapel, dress]12) ( showing reaction) à3. [tuː]to his surprise/dismay — à sa grande surprise/consternation
••that's all there is to it — ( it's easy) c'est aussi simple que ça; ( not for further discussion) un point c'est tout
what a to-do! — (colloq) quelle histoire! (colloq)
what's it to you? — (colloq) qu'est-ce que ça peut te faire?
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12 office
['ɔfɪs]n(room, workplace) biuro nt; ( position) urząd mdoctor's office (US) — gabinet lekarski
to take office — government obejmować (objąć perf) władzę; minister obejmować (objąć perf) urząd
Office of Fair Trading ( BRIT) — departament rządu kontrolujący uczciwość handlu i reklamy
* * *['ofis]1) (the room or building in which the business of a firm is done: The firm's head offices are in New York; ( also adjective) office furniture.) biuro2) (the room in which a particular person works: the bank manager's office.) biuro, pokój3) (a room or building used for a particular purpose: Train tickets are bought at the ticket-office.) biuro, kasa4) (a position of authority, especially in or as a government: Our party has not been in office for years; the office of mayor.) urząd•- officer -
13 informality
1 (of person, event) simplicité f ; (of arrangement, meeting) caractère m informel ; (of gathering, workplace) ambiance f décontractée ; I liked the informality of the ceremony j'ai apprécié la simplicité de la cérémonie ; -
14 diversity
Gen Mgtdifference between people, for example, in race, age, gender, disability, geographic origin, family status, education, or personality, that can affect workplace relationships and achievement. Diversity management aims to value these differences and encourage each person to fulfill his or her potential in terms of organizational objectives. The approach goes beyond equal opportunities, which stresses the rights of particular disadvantaged groups rather than those of the individual. -
15 sexual discrimination
HRunfavorable treatment, or discrimination, especially in employment, based on prejudice against a person’s sex. Legislation against sexual discrimination is in place in many countries and many organizations have specific personnel policies to prevent sexual discrimination in the workplace.
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